Mikroplastik (MP) adalah partikel plastik berukuran <5 mm yang terbentuk dari penguraian plastik besar akibat paparan air, angin, dan cahaya matahari dalam waktu lama. Danau Singkarak, yang terletak di Sumatera Barat, merupakan salah satu dari 15 danau prioritas nasional dengan masalah penurunan kualitas lingkungan perairan akibat aktivitas antropogenik. Danau ini memiliki keanekaragaman ikan yang tinggi, termasuk ikan bilih, spesies endemik yang mendominasi lebih dari 70% total tangkapan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan total polutan MP pada air dan ikan bilih berdasarkan titik pengambilan sampel, serta mengidentifikasi karakteristik MP, meliputi bentuk, ukuran, warna, dan jenis polimer. Sampel diambil dari lima titik. Ekstraksi MP dilakukan dengan H2O2 30% dan NaCl 5M, lalu disaring menggunakan kertas Whatman No.42 (pori 2,5 µm) dengan pompa vakum. Analisis visual dilakukan dengan Mikroskop Stereo, sementara jenis polimer dianalisis menggunakan ATR-FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan total kelimpahan MP pada ikan bilih sebesar 225–350 partikel kg⁻¹ dan pada air sebesar 117,5–202,5 partikel L⁻¹. Fragmen hitam berukuran ≤100 µm dominan ditemukan. Jenis polimer yang teridentifikasi meliputi Polyamide (PA), Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), dan Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC).

This study aimed to identify the diversity of myostatin gene (MSTN|HaeIII) exon-3 in Pitalah ducks as a local duck of West Sumatera, Indonesia. This study was used 40 samples of Pitalah ducks’s DNA that were intensively reared at the Andalas University Animal Husbandry Unit. DNA from blood samples was isolated using the genomic DNA Extraction Kit protocol (Intron G-SpinTM Total DNA Extraction Kit). PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) was used as the method. The isolated DNA was then amplified by using primer F: 5'-GCTTCCGGTTCCTTTTCCTC-3' and R: 5'-TTCTGAAGCGGTGGATCTCA-3' which was produced a 438 bp MSTN gene fragment. The amplification product was restricted using HaeIII enzyme which recognizes the cutting site at GG↓CC. Based on the results of 40 samples, 65% of homozygous truncated genotypes (+/+), 35% heterozygous genotypes (+/-), and no homozygous untruncated genotypes (-/-) were found. Based on these results, 2 genotypes were obtained, so this finding is said to be diverse because the number of each allele is more than 1%. The allele frequency (+) was been 0.825, allele (-) was been 0.175 and the observed heterozygosity was greater than the expected heterozygosity. Based on the allele frequency, the Pitalah duck population is polymorphic and in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium calculated by chi-square test.

This study aimed to identify the diversity of the exon-2 myostatin gene (MSTN) in Pitalah ducks using the PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) method. 28 blood samples of Pitalah ducks were used ini this study. Blood samples were extracted using Intron Biotechnology's Intron G-SpinTM Total DNA Extraction Kit protocol. The DNA extraction results were then amplified using a pair of primers, namely the Forward: 5' TCCACTTGTTACTGATGCTGT-3' primer and the Reverse: 5'- TAGGGAAATGGAGGCACAGG-3' primer with a fragment target of 700 bp. Furthermore, the amplified product is restricted using the Taq1 enzyme which recognizes the cutting site on T|CGA. Based on the results of the study, two genotypes were found, namely 89.29% truncated homozygous (+/+) and heterozygous (+/-) as much as 10.71% of the total sample used, while untruncated homozygous genotypes (-/-) were not found in this study. Meanwhile, the allele frequency (+) was 0.946 and the allele frequency (-) was 0.054 and the observed heterozygosity value was greater than the expected heterozygosity value (Ho>He). The conclusion of this study that the myostatin exon-2 gene in Pitalah ducks is polymorphic and it’s in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Background: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The addition of Herceptin to the ACT (Adriamycin, Cyclophosphamide, and Taxane) chemotherapy regimen has shown positive outcomes for HER2-positive breast cancer. However, its cost-effectiveness remains a concern. Objective: This study reviews the cost-effectiveness of Herceptin combined with ACT chemotherapy in treating HER2-positive breast cancer. Methods: A systematic review using the PICO framework was conducted, with patients (P) diagnosed with breast cancer, Herceptin (I), ACT chemotherapy (C), and therapeutic outcomes (O) as the focus. A literature search was performed in four databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct, using relevant keywords and MeSH terms. Results: A total of 196 articles were identified, with 184 remaining after removing duplicates. After screening, 35 studies were included for further review. The cost-effectiveness of Herceptin in the ACT regimen varied depending on factors like healthcare system perspectives, willingness-to-pay thresholds, and regional economic contexts. Conclusion: While Herceptin combined with ACT chemotherapy is clinically effective for HER2-positive breast cancer, contextual economic factors influence its cost-effectiveness. Additional research is needed to optimize resource allocation and evaluate long-term outcomes.

Berdasarkan hipotesis pengaruh orientasi e-marketing terhadap kinerja bisnis strategis diketahui bahwa nilai T statistik (0.106) < T tabel (1.703). Oleh karena itu hipotesis ini ditolak atau tidak signifikan. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa variabel orientasi e-marketing memiliki pengaruh kecil terhadap kinerja bisnis strategis. Hal ini juga dikarenakan oleh responden yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini didominasi responden berusia 41 tahun ke atas. Umur merupakan faktor demografis yang dapat mempengaruhi bagaimana individu merespons dan memahami tentang teknologi khususnya e-marketing. Hasil penelitian ini juga didapatkan penggunaan e-commerce tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja UMKM. Namun, penelitian ini bertolak belakang atau tidak sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Hutagulung et al. (2021), Sidek et al. (2020, dan Anser et al. (2020) yang menemukan bahwa orientasi e-marketing berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja bisnis strategis. Dapat disimpulan bahwa orientasi e-marketing belum mampu memberi pengaruh yang besar dalam meningkatkan kinerja bisnis strategis, dengan kata lain membantu usaha dalam mencapai tujuan pemasaran dengan memberikan kontribusi terhadap penjualan, pangsa pasar, dan profitabilitas pada industri tenun di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota dan Kota Payakumbuh.